Every novel lover would agree that Max Allan Collins is a prolific contributor in the literature industry. Hardly would you go through the bulks of English literature and fail to come across the books of Max Allan even at a glance. He is an American mystery writer who was born on March 1948 and he has done much in the world of arts and entertainment. Allen Collins died on January 23, 1990 from chronic pneumonia, a complication of the paralysis. He is buried beside his wife in Jacksonville, Florida. In 2006, Collins was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Lynyrd Skynyrd.
Allan M. Collins is an American cognitive scientist, Professor Emeritus of Learning Sciences at Northwestern University's School of Education and Social Policy. His research is recognized as having broad impact on the fields of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and education.
- 1Research contributions
Research contributions[edit]
Psychology[edit]
Collins is most well known in psychology for his foundational research on human semantic memory and cognition. Collins and colleagues, most notably M.R. Quillian and Elizabeth Loftus, developed the position that semantic knowledge is represented in stored category representations, linked together in a taxonomically organized processing hierarchy (see semantic networks). Support for their models came from a classic series of reaction-time experiments on human question answering.[1][2][3]
Artificial intelligence[edit]
In artificial intelligence, Collins is recognized for work on intelligent tutoring systems and plausible reasoning. With collaborator Jaime Carbonell, Collins produced the first documented example of an intelligent tutor system called SCHOLAR CAI (computer-assisted instruction).[4] Knowledge in SCHOLAR was structured analogously to the then theorized organization of human semantic memory as to afford a variety of meaningful interactions with the system. Collins' extensive research program pioneered discourse analysis methods to study the strategies human tutors use to adapt their teaching to learners. In addition, Collins studied and developed a formal theory characterizing the variety of plausible inferences people use to ask questions about which their knowledge is incomplete. Importantly, Collins developed methods to embed lessons learned from such research into the SCHOLAR system, improving system usability and effectiveness. Subsequently, Collins developed WHY, an intelligent tutoring system that used the Socratic method for tutoring causal knowledge and reasoning. In conjunction with this project he developed a formal computational theory of Socratic tutoring, derived from analyses of inquiry teaching dialogues.
Education[edit]
As a cognitive scientist and foundational member of the field of the learning sciences, Collins has influenced several strands of educational research and development. Building upon his work on intelligent tutoring systems, he has conducted numerous projects investigating the use of technology in schools and developing educational technologies for assessing and improving student learning. Collins has gradually shifted towards the situated cognition view of knowledge being embedded in the activity, context, and culture in which it is developed and used. In response to conventional practices that often ignore the influence of culture and activity, Collins and colleagues have developed and studied cognitive apprenticeship as an effective alternative educational practice. In addition, Collins was among the first to advocate for and outline design-based research methodologies in education.
Education and professional appointments[edit]
- B. A., University of Michigan, 1959 (Accounting)
- M. A., University of Michigan, 1961 (Communication Sciences)
- Ph. D., University of Michigan, 1970 (Cognitive Psychology)
- Senior Scientist, BBN Technologies, 1967 - 1982
- Principal Scientist, BBN Technologies, 1982 - 2000
- Professor, Education & Social Policy, Northwestern University, 1989 - 2005
- Co-Director, U. S. Department of Education's Center for Technology in Education, 1991 - 1994
- Research Professor, School of Education, Boston College, 1998 - 2002
- Visiting Scholar, Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2001 - 2005
- Visiting Senior Lecturer, Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2005 - 2006
- Professor Emeritus, Education & Social Policy, Northwestern University, 2005–present
Academic honors and service[edit]
- National Academy of Education, Elected Member
- Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Inaugural Fellow, 1990
- American Educational Research Association, Inaugural Fellow, 2008
- John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship, 1974
- Founding chair of the Cognitive Science Society, 1979 - 1980
- Board member of the Cognitive Science Society, 1980 - 1987
- Founding editor, Cognitive Science, 1976 - 1980
- Editorial board, Cognitive Science, 1980 - 2000
- Editorial board, Discourse Processes, 1977 - 1987
- Editorial board, Cognition and Instruction, 1981–present
- Editorial board, Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1990–present
Major publications[edit]
- Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval Time from Semantic Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 240-247. (citation classic)
- Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A Spreading Activation Theory of Semantic Processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-428. (citation classic)
- Collins, A. M.; Michalski, R. S. (1989). 'The logic of plausible reasoning: A core theory'. Cognitive Science. 13: 1–49. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1301_1.
- Collins A. M., Brown J. S., & Newman S. (1989). Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Craft of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics, in Knowing, Learning and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser, edited by LB Resnick, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
- Brown, J. S.; Collins, A.M.; Duguid, P. (1989). 'Situated cognition and the culture of learning'. Educational Researcher. 18 (1): 32–42. doi:10.3102/0013189x018001032.
- Collins, A. M. (1992). Towards a design science of education. In E. Scanlon & T. O’Shea (Eds.), New directions in educational technology (pp. 15–22). Berlin: Springer.
- Collins, A. M.; Ferguson, W. (1993). 'Epistemic forms and epistemic games: Structures and strategies to guide inquiry'. Educational Psychologist. 28 (1): 25–42. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2801_3.
- Greeno, J., Collins, A. M., & Resnick, L. (1996). Cognition and learning. (pp. 15–46) In D. Berliner and R. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology. New York: Macmillan.
- Bielaczyc, K. & Collins, A. M. (1999). Learning communities in classrooms: A reconceptualization of educational practice. In Reigeluth, C. M. (Ed), Instructional-design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory : 269-292.
- Collins, A.M.; Joseph, D.; Bielaczyc, K. (2004). 'Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues'(PDF). Journal of the Learning Sciences. 13 (1): 15–42. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1301_2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- Collins, A. & Halverson, R. (2009): Rethinking Education in the Age of Technology: The Digital Revolution and Schooling in America. New York: Teachers College Press.
References[edit]
- ^Allan M. Collins, A; M.R. Quillian (1969). 'Retrieval time from semantic memory'. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 8 (2): 240–248. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80069-1.
- ^Allan M. Collins, A; M.R. Quillian (1970). 'Does category size affect categorization time?'. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 9 (4): 432–438. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80084-6.
- ^Allan M. Collins, Allan M.; Elizabeth F. Loftus (1975). 'A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing'. Psychological Review. 82 (6): 407–428. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407.
- ^Collins, A.M.; Grignetti, M.C. (1975). 'Intelligent CAI. Final Report (1 March 1971-31 August 1975)'(PDF).
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan_M._Collins&oldid=883029851'
Background information | |
---|---|
Birth name | Larkin Allen Collins, Jr. |
Born | July 19, 1952 Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. |
Died | January 23, 1990 (aged 37) Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. |
Genres | Southern rock |
Occupation(s) | Musician, songwriter |
Instruments | Guitar |
Years active | 1964–1986 |
Associated acts | Lynyrd Skynyrd, The Rossington-Collins Band, The Allen Collins Band |
Larkin Allen Collins Jr.[1][2] (July 19, 1952 – January 23, 1990) was one of the founding members and guitarists of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, and co-wrote many of the band's songs with late frontman Ronnie Van Zant. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida.
Personal life[edit]
Collins started playing guitar at 12 years of age, with a few lessons from his stepmother, Leila Collins, a country-and-western guitarist, teaching him a few notes, and receiving his first guitar and amplifier from his father after a falling-out between the two. Collins attended Nathan B. Forrest High School.[3]
In 1970, Collins married Kathy Johns. All of his bandmates were in his wedding party, but Kathy worried that the band's long haired appearance would disturb her parents. To solve this problem, she required all the band members to keep their hair under wigs at the wedding ceremony. The wedding reception was one of the first public performances of 'Free Bird' complete with the trademark extended guitar jam at the end. Collins's family grew with the birth of his daughter Amie, followed quickly by Allison.
Musical career[edit]
Allen Collins joined Skynyrd in Jacksonville, Florida, just two weeks after its formation by Ronnie Van Zant and Gary Rossington, along with Bob Burns and Larry Junstrom. Knowing that Collins played guitar and owned his own equipment, the band decided to approach him about joining them. Van Zant and Burns both had a reputation for trouble, and Collins fled on his bicycle and hid up a tree when he saw them pull up in his driveway. They soon convinced him that they were not there to beat him up and he agreed to join the band, then known as The One Percent.[4]
Collins and lead singer Ronnie Van Zant co-wrote many of the biggest Skynyrd hits, including 'Free Bird', 'Gimme Three Steps', and 'That Smell'. The band received national success beginning in 1973 while opening for The Who on their Quadrophenia tour.
On October 20, 1977, an airplane carrying the band crashed into a forest in Mississippi, killing three band members, including Van Zant. Collins was seriously injured in the crash, suffering two broken vertebrae in his neck and severe damage to his right arm. While amputation was recommended, Collins' father refused and he eventually recovered.
During the early 1980s, Collins continued to perform on stage in The Rossington-Collins Band which enjoyed modest success, releasing two albums (Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere, and This Is the Way), and charting a few singles (notably 'Don't Misunderstand Me').
Tragedy struck again just as the Rossington Collins Band was getting off the ground. In 1980, during the first days of the debut concert tour, Collins's wife, Kathy, suddenly died of a hemorrhage during the miscarriage of their third child. This forced the tour's cancellation. With the lingering effects of losing his friends in the plane crash, Kathy's death devastated Collins.
![Allan Collin Corners Pdf Allan Collin Corners Pdf](/uploads/1/2/5/7/125718423/259513174.jpg)
The Rossington-Collins Band disbanded in 1982. Collins continued to pursue music, starting the Allen Collins Band, which released one album, Here, There & Back in 1983. The six members were Skynyrd keyboardist Billy Powell and bassist Leon Wilkeson, along with lead singer Jimmy Dougherty, drummer Derek Hess, and guitarists Barry Lee Harwood and Randall Hall. In 1984, Collins tried to resurrect the band, hiring Jacksonville guitarist Mike Owings and bassist Andy Ward King. Later members included guitarist-vocalist Michael Ray FitzGerald and bassist 'Filthy Phil' Price. In 1986, Collins crashed his Ford Thunderbird into a ditch, killing his girlfriend and paralyzing himself.
In 1987, Collins and his manager-father decided to reform Lynyrd Skynyrd and began recruiting former Lynyrd Skynyrd members.
Accident, band reunions and death[edit]
On January 29, 1986,[5] Collins was driving a new black Ford Thunderbird when he was involved in a car accident that claimed the life of his girlfriend, Debra Jean Watts, and paralyzed the guitarist from the waist down, with limited use of his arms and hands. Collins pleaded no contest to vehicular manslaughter as well as driving under the influence of alcohol. He would never play guitar on stage again.
Collins' last performance with Lynyrd Skynyrd was at the band's first reunion after the plane crash at the 1979 Volunteer Jam V in Nashville, Tennessee. All remaining members of Lynyrd Skynyrd reunited officially in 1987, but due to his injury, Collins only served as musical director.[6][citation needed] As part of his plea bargain for the 1986 accident, Collins addressed fans at every Skynyrd concert with an explanation of why he could not perform, citing the dangers of drinking and driving, as well as drugs and alcohol.[citation needed] Also because of Collins' accident, the band donated a sizable amount of concert proceeds from the 1987–88 tour to the Miami Project, which is involved in treatment of paralysis.[citation needed] Collins founded Roll For Rock Wheelchair Events and Benefit Concerts in 1988 to raise awareness and to provide opportunities for those living with spinal cord injuries and other physical challenges.
Allen Collins died on January 23, 1990 from chronic pneumonia, a complication of the paralysis. He is buried beside his wife in Jacksonville, Florida.
In 2006, Collins was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Lynyrd Skynyrd.
Instruments[edit]
In the early days of Lynyrd Skynyrd, Collins used a black Gibson Flying V. However, after a gig the band's van was broken into and the guitar, along with Gary Rossington's white Gibson SG, was stolen. For most of his tenure in Skynyrd, Collins used a Gibson Firebird guitar fitted with a chrome, dog-eared P-90 pickup in the bridge position and a Gibson 'teaspoon' nickel vibrato arm. In 1976, he switched to a natural-finished korina 1958 Gibson Explorer that he bought for about $3,000 and used that guitar throughout his tenure with the Allen Collins Band.
In late 1977, Collins began occasionally playing a Gibson Les Paul Jr. On 'Gimme Back My Bullets', 'Sweet Home Alabama', 'Every Mothers Son' Collins used a Sunburst Fender Stratocaster after Ed King left. Collins has been filmed playing an all-black, rosewood fingerboard Stratocaster with white single-coilpickups and white control knobs.
In 2003, Gibson Guitars honored Allen with a limited edition Explorer. The guitar is made of African limba wood (korina) and features an aged finished, Maestro vibrola, and classic humbucking pickups.
Discography[edit]
- Lynyrd Skynyrd
- (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd) (1973)
- Second Helping (1974)
- Nuthin' Fancy (1975)
- Gimme Back My Bullets (1976)
- One More from the Road (1976)
- Street Survivors (1977)
- Rossington-Collins Band
- Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere (1980)
- This is the Way (1981)
- Allen Collins Band
- Here, There, and Back (1983)
References[edit]
- ^Brant 2002, pg. 18
- ^Odom 2002, pg. 34
- ^'History Lessons'. The Official Lynyrd Skynyrd History Website. Judy VanZant Jenness. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
- ^If I Leave Here Tomorrow: A Film About Lynyrd Skynyrd, Passion Pictures, Directed by Stephen Kijak, 2018
- ^'Woman Killed, Rock Musician Injured In One-Car Accident'. Associated Press. January 30, 1986. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
- ^YouTube video Lynyrd Skynyrd reunion tour with Collins in a wheelchair[1]
Further reading[edit]
- Brant, Marley. Freebirds: The Lynyrd Skynyrd Story. Billboard Books; New York; 2002. ISBN0-8230-8321-7
- Odom, Gene with Frank Dorman. Lynyrd Skynyrd: Remembering the Free Birds of Southern Rock. Broadway Books; New York; 2002. ISBN0-7679-1026-5.
External links[edit]
- 'Allen Collins'. Find a Grave. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allen_Collins&oldid=893558688'